Road surface comprising small blocks such as shaped stone setts or bricks, jointed with sand or mortar. Handbook sustainable communitymanaged and labourbased. They found that there was a broad scope for the use of labor based methods in the road sector. The world bank played a critical role during the 1970s and 1980s. A compilation of uptodate, undocumented information on the practices of labor based road construction in low income countries around the world. Labour based surface dressing in remote locations, for limited areas such as shoulders. We fully support the use of such methods, where appropriate, and there are numerous benefits where these methods have been applied successfully, some of which are. Tools and equipment international labour organization. Method at rural road construction and maintenance in jimma zone, oromia region, ethiopia.
Mccutcheon school of civil and environmental engineering university of the witwatersrand south africa. Percentages can also be used to estimate the cost of project elements based on historical cost. They operate equipment and fabricate and install materials. Labour intensive construction and maintenance in subsaharan africa. This report is based on extensive discussions with programme stakeholders including staff from the epwp management, public works departments, contractors and consultants involved in the programme. The remainder of the book helps the reader to put these principles into. The participation in labour based projects tenders between 1996 and 1999 is summarized in table 8. The state of engineering synopsis engineering plays a vital role in the uks economic and societal wellbeing, providing quality employment on a large scale and some of the key solutions to major global challenges. Pdf comparative study of laborbased method and machine. Labour based road construction brings together uptodate, undocumented information on the practices of labour based road construction in low income countries around the world.
Labourbased methods and technologies for employment. Current practices on labour management in building construction projects international journal of scientific engineering and technology research volume. Every year, owner operators, engineering, procurement, and construction epc companies, and contractors are hit with billions of dollars in construction claims as a result of inefficiency factors impacting labor. The findings reveals that the participation of lbc in rural road works in tanzania is low in terms of number of lb projects advertised, number of district participating lbc, lb works awarded to lbc and road maintenance activities used labour based methods. This report argues that the relative cost of labor based. Official site with labour legislation, policy documents, and news. Paul larcher intermediate technology publications, institute of development engineering, london, 1998, 125pp.
This document contains errata or corrigenda see annexes. Highway construction and engineering is comprised of planning, designing, and executing. In the face of technological advancements and a changing political and. Labourbased road construction looks at the design, selection, and use of intermediate equipment for labour forces. Manual for supervision of labour based road rehabilitation works. These efforts have proved insufficient for expanding laborbased methodstheir use often collapsed soon after the pilot ended. This study is to identify and analyze what all are the factors that affects the productivity of labour in road construction. Labour based methods for unsealed roads page 2 april, 2004. School of civil and environmental engineering university of the witwatersrand south africa.
All downloads are provided by the department of labour. Labour based road construction and maintenance technology, course notes. A paper for discussion at the world bank on the 7th april 2008 robert t. Cost estimation manual for road maintenance works 2011. Labour based works and services such as repair and maintenance of drainage, vegetation, road cleanliness, and provision of a self control unit for self management of road maintenance.
Part a, the first five chapters deals with principles. Kebele administrative division in ethiopia equivalent to subdistrict or ward. Current practices on labour management in building. Detailed estimate requires the breakdown of project costs into the labor, material and equipment costs. Compensation for occupational injuries and deceases. Labour based construction methods for earthworks page 1 april, 2004. Labour based road construction download ebook pdf, epub. Use of appropriate automation tools is highly recommended. The centrefold focuses on productivity norms for various operations in rural road construction and various systems of apportioning work on a labourbased site.
This manual is based on experiences from the feeder road programmes in zambia and tanzania and is specifically developed for use in zambia and tanzania. Ilo identified those activities for which labor based methods produced better, equivalent, and worse quality output than equipment based methods. Editors claesaxel andersson, andreas beusch and derek miles. Labour based road construction and maintenance technology 1 national polytechnic institute school of communication and transport international labour organisation prepared by bjorn johannessen engineering consultant 1m 1m 0. Click download or read online button to get labour based road construction book now. Labour based construction guidelines currently selected.
Good construction planning should consider and track labor factors in the original work scope to. Estimating excavation revised craftsman book company. First edition of cidb document 1034 respect to the surrounding natural ground level, resulting in poor drainage and an eventual need for importing material to provide some type of formation and shape to the road. However, certain modules might also be useful for any contractor working in other fields of construction than roads.
Labourbased methods for unsealed roads insituasphalt. Pdf contractors handbook labourbased road works republic of. The handbook provides practical tables, guidelines and recommendations in a concentrated format for use on site. Using labourbased technology to build better roads. Labourintensive construction and maintenance in sub. Established principles and procedures for labourbased construction emphasizing intensive onthejob training were employed to. Any fresh civil engineering project commonly designated as original works must necessarily be built up through the following stages. Factors affecting construction labor productivity 1. A development of a labour based road programme involving private sector. Using labour based technology to build better roads. The measure of the rate at which work is performed is called productivity. Techical manual labourbased road construction methods, laos. The labor hours per unit production are determined by dividing the total labor hours of the crew by the daily output. Introduction when building engineering projects, two methods of construction are possible, viz, using technology dominated by mechanical equipment or that dominated by mechanical labour.
Construction of highway does not mean construction of roads only, but it includes various aspects like. Manual for supervision of labourbased road rehabilitation. Liberia labor based public works project liberia oshd. A construction and maintenance guide for california landowners susan d. Labour based methods result in at least 5 times the number of jobs being directly created in rural.
All civil engineering schemes whether in cil or elsewhere need decision making at different stages of planning and construction. Civil engineering industry training scheme celts for more information on available celts training courses contact 011 455 1700. This involves support in the development of curricula, training programmes, training material, as well. Invert the lowest point of the internal crosssection of a drain or culvert. It also discusses the issues of contracting out road construction and maintenance, considering the problems encountered and how to overcome them. Labourintensive construction and maintenance in subsaharan.
Technical manual for labour based road rehabilitation works. The purpose of this manual is to provide supervisors of labour based road construction works with an easy step by step guide, which at the end, will ensure that. A cidb practice manual contributing to contractor development. It is a ratio of production output to what is required to produce it.
To achieve the length of road to be covered by one container divide the volume by the width of road to be sealed and the rate of spread. Site supervisors need to know how to use the tools and how to operate the equipment in order to secure good work progress and the expected high quality results. Introduction he purpose of this manual is to provide technical staff from supervisors to engineers. Road maintenance and regravelling romar using labour based methods. The measure of productivity is defined as a total output per one unit of a total input. It draws on the experiences of practitioners working in the field who describe tried and tested ideas, as well as looking at failures and their causes. Expanding laborbased methods for road works in africa.
Labourbased road construction and maintenance technology. Best practice guideline 2 labourbased construction. To establish a cadre of local smallscale contractors capable of undertaking road construction and maintenance works using labourbased. Part b labour based reshaping labour based reshaping grading, as described in part a, is the most commonly used technique for reshaping of earth and gravel roads. Chapter 4 cost of construction labor and equipment construction labors influence every part of a project. Road maintenance and regravelling romar using labour.
Involving rural people in road construction and maintenance evidence from many countries in africa, asia and latin america shows that involving local people in labour based road construction and maintenance can provide valuable employment for poor people and can help empower women and disadvantaged groups. A training course for engineers and town planners, sustainable. Established contractors, professional engineers, technologists, and technicians. Compensation for occupational injuries and deceases pdf amended act. Using stringlines, mark the cleaned area of the road. Labor based technology in road works is an approach in which major means of production or input of labor is performed with nonmechanical tools. Established principles and procedures for labour based construction emphasizing intensive onthejob training were employed to. The approach is based on maintenance of road network in fair or good. Liberia laborbased public works project appraisal report. Even in the developed nations, highways play an important role in connecting cities and establishing an industrial link between two or more places. It is written in an easy understandable language so. Labourbased project i road construction projects1 was that identification of suitably experienced namibian contractors was difficult, despite the conclusion of an earlier training programme in 1997. Labor requirement for various construction works the cost of construction project highly depends on the requirements of labor for various activities during construction.
Regional seminar for labour based practitioners in the road sector in subsaharan africa. It must be as accurate as possible and should be based on all available engineering and design data. The construction industry of india is the secondlargest contributor to the gdp and provides employment to a large population in the country. Labourbased technology, road and bridge infrastructure. A cidb practice manual contributing to contractor development in job creation manual 1 the fundamentals of. In such cases, using light construction equipment can increase the ef. Highways serve as the lifeline of a developing nation. Labourbased road construction development bookshelf.
Chapter 2 quantity takeoff the quantity takeoff is an important part of the cost estimate. Appendix 2 labor and equipment use for selected road construction activities. Construct a six metre wide, forty kilometres long gravel road not compacted this has. The book is a collection of selected papers from various authors from different backgrounds. Provide temporary employment for a large number of unskilled labour. It draws on the experiences of practitioners working in this field who describe tried and tested ideas, and also looks at failures and their causes. Labourbased road construction and maintenance technology 1 national polytechnic institute school of communication and transport international labour organisation prepared by bjorn johannessen engineering consultant 1m 1m 0. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Accuracy and completeness are critical factors in all cost estimates.
These books are written for the owner or manager of a small construction business. For details on hauling equipment see module e, labour based construction. Construction of low volume sealed roads i the guideline is primarily targeted at smallscale contractors and their supervisors who are involved in lowvolume road works using labour based methods lbm. The performance of four different seals which have been constructed using labour intensive labour based methods on five projects comprising eleven sections in different regions of south africa will be discussed in this paper. The handbook, like the workbook, is divided into ten chapters. Labourbased construction technology for sustainable rural. Earthworks are at the core of most civil engineering construction, especially road construction. However in certain circumstances, the high cost or nonavailability of the specialist grading equipment make labour based reshaping a more appropriate option. Labour based methods and technologies for employmentintensive construction works in this set. Labour based technology in rural infrastructure works optimises the use of productive labour and complements the use of labour with essential equipment necessary to meet the specified technical and engineering standards. For the past two decades this programme, with strong donor support, has.
To establish a cadre of local smallscale contractors capable of undertaking road construction and maintenance works using labour based methods. There are direct and indirect costs associated with the labor. The questionnaire is prepared based on various literatures and data collected from the site. Topics covered include the design, selection and use of intermediate equipment for a labor force. Historical bid data is commonly used to define parameters related to the cost of a typical transportation facility construction, such as cost per lane mile, cost per interchange or cost per square foot. The csir undertook five labour based projects over a period of eight years to transfer the technology of emulsion treated bases etb and surfacing seals to provincial and local government departments, consultants, contractors and road maintenance teams. P an understanding of surveying and engineering practice p a facility with mathematical calculations. Strategy document for a labour based road works programme in lao pdr page 68 training vientiane, december 1996 chapter 9 training 9. Finally, tools and equipment need regular maintenance, requiring good workshop facilities, a reliable supply of spare parts and quali. In order to save on project costs, the csir was employed both as the civil engineering consultant as well as the contractor. This cost estimation manual for road maintenance under performance based contract hereinafter referred. Yanney, lecturer, department of civil engineering, university of zimbabwe, harare, zimbabwe 1. Employment equity act pdf skills development act pdf uif.
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